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Caixa - Carnaval de Rio
(caisse) C’est un des instruments utilisés dans les baterias des écoles de samba.
C’est un fût à deux peaux avec des cordes métalliques qui le traversent d’un bout à l’autre pour lui donner son timbre caractéristique comme une caisse claire. Les musiciens la frappent avec les baguettes en bois.
Détournée des fanfares militaires européennes, elle est arrivée au Brésil par le biais des colons portugais. On la retrouve aujourd’hui dans le samba, le samba reggae, le frevo et le maracatu.
Caixa malacacheta Les peaux de la caisse claire sont toujours très tendues, ce qui leur donne ce son clair, tranchant et presque métallique.
La caisse, utilisée dans les écoles de samba, est connue sous le nom de « caixa de guerra », « caixa malacacheta » ou « caixa tarol » C’est un instrument fondamental dans une batterie d’école de Samba . Elle donne la base et soutient le rythme, c’est elle qui assure cette sensation de d’entrainement, de roulement permanent dans le samba.
Caisse portée « en haut » La caisse peut être portée à la main en hauteur ou portée en bas en utilisant une sangle ceinture. La majorité des écoles de Rio jouent la caisse claire en haut et les phrases rythmiques diffèrent selon qu’elle soit portée en haut ou en bas.
Si rythmiquement il y a une base commune utilisée dans l’interprétation du samba, chaque école de samba utilise des variantes qui leur sont propres et qui les identifient clairement.
Démonstration de Caixa par maître Nilo de l’école de samba Portela
Une traversée dans le secteur des caixas de l’école de samba Salgueiro:
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